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HIST 208D – Historical Research and Methods Seminar: Nationalism, Conflict, and Sectarianism: 20th Century Middle East History

Background information

These encyclopedias, dictionaries, and general reference resources are good places to begin your research.  They provide excellent background information on hundreds of topics These items are selections from our catalog, this is not a definitive list. To find more dictionaries and encyclopedias on your topic, please use WorldCat.

Electronic reference sources

Specialized dictionaries & encyclopedias

The following items are selections. To find more dictionaries and encyclopedias on your topic please use the Catalog.

Tranliteration

Transliteration is the practice of converting text from one writing system into another in a systematic way. The Transliteration Table below provides writing systems that use non-Roman characters with the analogous Roman characters for easy translation. For additional information, you may consult the Library of Congress  "ALA-LC Romanization Tables: Transliteration Schemes for Non-Roman Scripts," page. The page is approved by the American Library Association. 

Amharic   (2011) Arabic   (2012) Armenian   (2011)
Assamese   (2012) Azerbaijani   (2011) Balinese   (2012)
Batak   (2012) Belarusian   (2012) Bengali   (2012)
Bulgarian   (2013) Burmese   (2011) Cham   (2015)
Cherokee   (2012) Chinese   (2011) Church Slavic   (2011 rev)
Coptic   (2014) Divehi   (2012) Georgian   (2011)
Greek   (2010) Gujarati   (2011) Hebrew and Yiddish   (2011)
Hindi   (2011) Inuktitut   (2011) Japanese   (2012)
Javanese, Sundanese,
and Madurese
   (2011)
Jawi-Pegon   (2012) Judeo-Arabic   (2011)
Kannada   (2011) Kashmiri   (2012) Kazakh   (2012)
Khmer   (2012 rev) Korean   (2009) Kurdish   (2012)
Ladino   (2011) Lao   (2012) Lepcha   (2012 rev)
Limbu   (2011) Macedonian   (2013) Malayalam   (2012)
Manchu   (2012) Mande languages (in N'ko script)   (2015) Marathi   (2011)
Mongolian Moplah   (2012) Moroccan Tamazight   (2012)
Non-Slavic Languages
(in Cyrillic Script)
   (2012)
Oriya   (2011) Ottoman Turkish   (2011)
Pali   (2012) Panjabi   (2011) Persian   (2012)
Pushto   (2013) Romanian (in Cyrillic)    (2014) Russian   (2012)
Rusyn, Carpatho-Rusyn   (2013) Sanskrit and Prakrit   (2012) Santali   (2012)
Serbian   (2013) Shan   (2012) Sindhi   (2013)
Sinhalese   (2011) Syriac   (2012) Tamashek   (2013)
Tamil   (2011) Telugu   (2011) Thai   (2011)
Tibetan   (2015) Tigrinya   (2011) Tod-Oirat-Old Kalmyk   (2012
Uighur   (2015) Ukrainian   (2011) Urdu   (2013)
Vai   (2011 rev)

"ALA-LC Romanization Tables."  Tools and Documentation.  Library of Congress.