The best book on this topic (examples below are taken or adapted from it) is:
Cartographic citation: a style guide, by Christine Kollen, Wangyal Shawa, and Mary Larsgaard (2nd edition).
Format: Author. Title [map]. Edition. Scale. Place of publication: Publisher, Date.
Example: National Geographic Society. Close-up: USA, Hawaii. Scale: 1:675,000. Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1976.
Format: Author. Title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher, Date.
Example: Robbins, Chandler S. (Ed.). Atlas of the breeding birds of Maryland and the District of Columbia. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1996.
Format: Map Author. Map title. Scale. In: Atlas author. Atlas title. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher, Date, page.
Example: Chronology of Anne Arundel. 1"= 10 miles. In: Long, John H. (Ed.). Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia: Atlas of Historical County Boundaries. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1996.
Format: Author. Sheet title from the series. Edition. Scale. Series, number. Place of publication: Publisher, Date.
Example: U.S. Geological Survey. Laurel quadrangle, Maryland. 1981. 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series. Reston, Va: United States Department of the Interior, USGS, 1981.
Format: Author. Sheet title from the series. Edition. Scale. Series title and/or number. Place of publication: Publisher, Date.
Example: U.S. National Ocean Service. Puget Sound - Northern Part. 33rd ed. Scale 1:80,000. Chart #18441. Washington, D.C.: National Ocean Service, 1989.
Format: Map Author. Map title. Scale. Place of publication: Publisher, Date. In: Book Author. Book title. Edition. Place of Publication: Publisher, Date, page.
Example: Fig. 5: Major Seaports and Transportation Axes in Southern and South Central Africa (1978). Scale 1.6 cm = 500 km. In:Wiese, Bernd. Seaports and Port Cities of Southern Africa. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag GmbH., 1981, p. 23.
Format: Author if known. Map Title. Scale. “Title of Website” <URL> (date accessed).
Example: Interactive Map. "Metro - Rail - Maps - Rail/Google Map" <http://www.wmata.com/rail/maps/map.cfm> (Accessed 6/21/2012).
Format: Map Author. Map Title. Scale. In: Article Author. "Article Title," Journal Title, Volume (Date): page.
Example: Howland, Marie. Figure 4: Industrial land in Prince George’s County, MD, in five categories of demand. In: Howland, Marie. "Planning for Industry in a Post-Industrial World," Journal of the American Planning Association, 77 (Winter 2011): 39-53.
Format: Author. Title of map created. Layers used. Scale. Name of person who generated map; using "Title of Website" <URL> (date accessed).
Example: Harvard University. Language Families of Western Africa. Layers used: 2001 Language Families and 2008 Administrative Boundaries. Scale unknown. Map generated by Frank Johnson; using "AfricaMap" <http://cga-3.hmdc.harvard.edu/africamap/> (Accessed June 20, 2009).
Format: Author. Title. [format]. Edition. Place of publication: Publisher, Date.
Example: ESRI Ltd. ArcCanada [CD-ROM]. Version 2.0. North York, Ontario: Environmental Systems Research Institute, 1999.
Format: Author. Title. Scale. Original place of publication: Original publisher, Original date of publication. As reproduced by, Place of Publication: Publisher, Date.
Example: Schomburgk, Robert H. Sketch Map of British Guiana. Scale 1" = 40.5 mi. London: John Arrowsmith, 1840. As reproduced by, Boston: Heliotype Printing Co., 1896.
Format: Author. Map title. Date produced and time if known. Scale or resolution. "Title of complete document or site". <URL>
Example: Maryland Department of Transportation. Event List, Southern/Capital Maryland. 06/21/2012. Scale not given. "Maryland 511". <http://www.md511.org/eventlist.aspx?ShowTrafficEvents=2>
Format: Author. Title or frame number(s). Scale. Flight title (if part of flight). Place of publication: Publisher, Date of image collection.
Example: U.S. Geological Survey. NP0NAPP000004021. 1:40,000. National Aerial Photography Program. Sioux Falls, SD: U.S. Geolorical Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, 04/05/1988.
Format: Author. Title or Scene ID, Satellite and sensor name (as appropriate). Scale. Place of publication: Publisher, Date of image collection.
Example: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. LE70920752003151ASA00, Landsat 7 ETM + L1T. No scale given. Sioux Falls, SD: U.S. Geolorical Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, 05/31/2003.
Format: Map Title. Scale. Database name [type of medium]. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Using GIS software: Title [type of software].
Example: Virginia Railway Network. [computer map]. 1:25000. National Transportation Atlas Databases. Washington, D.C.: US Department of Transportation, 2000. Using ArcGIS [GIS software]. Version 8.3. Redlands, CA: Environmental Systems Research Institute, 1992-2004.
